1. Gabaɗaya
Ana amfani da bawul na wannan jerin don rufewa ko buɗe bututun mai a cikin tsarin bututun don kiyaye aikin tsarin na yau da kullun.
2. Bayanin samfur
2.1 Bukatar fasaha
2.1.1 Zane da ƙera: API600, API603, ASME B16.34, BS1414
2.1.2 Girman ƙarshen haɗawa: ASME B16.5, ASME B16.47, ASME B16.25
2.1.3 Fuska da fuska ko ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe: ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Dubawa da gwaji: API 598, API600
2.1.5 Masu girma dabam: MPS2 ″ ~ 48 ″, ƙimar aji mara kyau: Class150 ~ 2500
2.2 Bawuloli na wannan jerin su ne manual (actuated ta hannun hannu ko akwatin kaya) kofa bawuloli tare da flange iyakar da butt waldi karshen .Bawul kara motsa a tsaye. Lokacin da aka juya abin hannu a agogon hannu, ƙofar ta faɗi ƙasa don rufe bututun; lokacin da aka juyar da dabaran hannun agogo baya, ƙofar ta tashi don buɗe bututun.
2.3 Tsarin duba Fig.1, 2 da 3.
2.4 Sunaye da kayan aikin manyan sassa an jera su a cikin Table 1.
(Table 1)
Sunan Sashe | Kayan abu |
Jiki da bonnet | ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M |
kofa | ASTM A216 WCB, ASTM A352 LCB, ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9, ASTM A351 CF3, ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8, ASTM A351 CF8M, ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M |
wurin zama | ASTM A105, ASTM A350 LF2, F11, F22, ASTM A182 F304 (304L), ASTM A182 F316 (316L) ASTM B462, Has.C-4, Monel |
kara | ASTM A182 F6a, ASTM A182 F304 (304L) ASTM A182 F316 (316L), ASTM B462, Has.C-4, Monel |
Shiryawa | Grafite mai launi da sassauƙan graphite, PTFE |
Tudu/kwaya | ASTM A193 B7/A194 2H, ASTM L320 L7/A194 4, ASTM A193 B16/A194 4, ASTM A193 B8/A194 8 ASTM A193 B8M/A194 8M |
Gasket | 304 (316) + Graph, 304 (316), Has.C-4, Monel, B462 |
Zoben wurin zama / Disc / saman | 13Cr,18Cr-8Ni,18Cr-8Ni-Mo,NiCu alloy,25Cr-20Ni,STL |
3. Adana, kiyayewa, Shigarwa da aiki
3.1 Adana da kiyayewa
3.1.1 Ya kamata a adana bawul ɗin a cikin busasshen daki mai iska mai kyau. Ya kamata a toshe ƙarshen hanyar tare da murfi.
3.1.2 Ya kamata a bincika bawul ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin ajiya na dogon lokaci kuma a tsaftace su akai-akai, musamman tsaftace fuskar wurin zama don hana lalacewa, kuma wuraren da aka gama ya kamata a rufe su da tsatsa da ke hana mai.
3.1.3 Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce watanni 18, yakamata a gwada bawul ɗin kuma a yi rikodin.
3.1.4 Ya kamata a bincika bawuloli da aka shigar kuma a gyara su akai-akai. Babban wuraren kiyayewa sun haɗa da:
1) Rufe fuska
2) Bawul tushe da bawul kara goro.
3) Shiryawa.
4) Zazzagewa akan saman ciki na jikin bawul da bawul bonnet
3.2 Shigarwa
Kafin shigarwa, tabbatar da alamar bawul (kamar samfurin, DN, 3.2.1PN da kayan aiki) an yi musu alama bisa ga bukatun tsarin bututun.
3.2.2 Kafin shigarwa, a hankali duba hanyar bawul da fuskar rufewa. Idan akwai datti, tsaftace shi sosai.
3.2.3 Kafin shigarwa, tabbatar da cewa an ɗaure dukkan kusoshi sosai.
3.2.4 Kafin kafuwa, tabbatar an matse tattarawa sosai. Koyaya, motsi na bututun bawul bai kamata ya damu ba.
3.2.5 Wurin shigarwa na bawul ɗin ya kamata ya sauƙaƙe dubawa da aiki. Matsayin da ya fi dacewa ya kamata ya kasance cewa bututun yana kwance, ƙafafun hannu yana sama, kuma bututun bawul yana tsaye.
3.2.6 Don bawul ɗin da aka rufe na yau da kullun, bai dace ba don shigar da shi a wurin da matsa lamba na aiki yana da girma sosai don guje wa lalacewar bututun bawul.
3.2.7 Socket welded bawul za su aƙalla cika buƙatun masu zuwa lokacin da ake walda su don shigarwa a cikin tsarin bututun a wurin:
1) Walda ya kamata ya yi ta hanyar walda wanda ya mallaki takardar shaidar cancantar walda da Hukumar Kula da Tushen Ruwa da Ruwa ta Jiha ta amince da ita; ko mai walda wanda ya sami takardar shaidar cancantar walda da aka ƙayyade a cikin ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) Dole ne a zaɓi sigogin tsarin walda kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin littafin tabbatar da ingancin kayan walda.
3) Abubuwan da ke tattare da sinadarai, aikin injiniya da juriya na juriya na filler karfe na walda ya kamata su dace da karfe tushe.
3.2.8 Ana shigar da valve kullum, babban damuwa saboda goyon baya, kayan haɗi da bututu ya kamata a kauce masa.
3.2.9 Bayan shigarwa, yayin gwajin matsa lamba na tsarin bututun, dole ne a buɗe bawul ɗin gabaɗaya.
3.2.10 Matsayi mai ɗaukar nauyi: idan bututun yana da isasshen ƙarfi don ɗaukar nauyin bawul da jujjuyawar aiki, to ba a buƙatar ma'aunin ɗaukar nauyi, in ba haka ba bawul ɗin yakamata ya kasance yana da ma'ana.
3.2.11 Dagawa: kar a yi amfani da abin hannu don ɗagawa da ɗaga bawul.
3.3 Aiki da amfani
3.3.1 A lokacin lokacin sabis, dole ne a buɗe ƙofar bawul ɗin gabaɗaya ko kuma a rufe gabaɗaya don guje wa lalacewar farfajiyar zoben wurin zama da ƙofar bawul saboda matsakaici mai sauri. Ba za a iya amfani da shi don daidaita ƙarfin kwarara ba.
3.3.2 Lokacin buɗe ko rufe bawul, yi amfani da wheelwheel maimakon lefa na taimako ko amfani da wani kayan aiki.
3.3.3 A zafin jiki na aiki, tabbatar da matsa lamba nan take ya zama ƙasa da sau 1.1 wanda matsa lamba na ma'aunin zafin jiki a ASME B16.34.
3.3.4 Ya kamata a shigar da kayan aikin agaji na aminci a kan bututun don hana matsa lamba na bawul a zafin aiki daga wuce matsakaicin matsakaicin izini.
3.3.5 An haramta buguwa da girgiza bawul yayin jigilar kaya, shigarwa da lokacin aiki.
3.3.6 Rushewar ruwa mara kyau, alal misali, rushewar wasu ruwaye na iya haifar da haɓaka girma kuma ya haifar da hawan aiki, don haka lalata bawul ɗin da haifar da ɓarna, don haka, yi amfani da kayan auna daidai don kawar da ko iyakance abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da bazuwar. na ruwa.
3.3.7 Idan ruwan ya kasance condensate, wannan zai shafi aikin bawul, yi amfani da kayan auna masu dacewa don rage zafin ruwan (misali, don tabbatar da zafin da ya dace na ruwan) ko maye gurbin shi da wani nau'in bawul.
3.3.8 Don ruwa mai kumburi da kai, yi amfani da kayan auna da suka dace don tabbatar da yanayi da matsa lamba na aiki ba su wuce wurin kunna wuta ba (musamman lura da hasken rana ko wuta ta waje).
3.3.9 Idan akwai ruwa mai haɗari, kamar fashewa, mai ƙonewa. Mai guba, samfuran oxidation, an haramta maye gurbin shiryawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba (ko da yake bawul ɗin yana da irin wannan aikin).
3.3.10 Tabbatar cewa ruwan ba shi da datti, wanda ke shafar aikin bawul, ba ya ƙunshe da daskararru, in ba haka ba ya kamata a yi amfani da kayan auna da suka dace don cire datti da daskararru, ko maye gurbin shi da wani nau'in bawul.
3.3.11 Halayen zafin zafin aiki:
Kayan abu | zafin jiki | Kayan abu | zafin jiki |
ASTM A216 WCB | -29 ~ 425 ℃ | ASTM A217 WC6 | -29 ~ 538 ℃ |
ASTM A352 LCB | -46 ~ 343 ℃ | ASTM A217 WC9 | -29 ~ 570 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF3 (CF3M) | -196 ~ 454 ℃ | ASTM Saukewa: A494CW-2M | -29 ~ 450 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF8 (CF8M) | -196 ~ 454 ℃ | Monel | -29 ~ 425 ℃ |
Saukewa: ASTM A351CN7M | -29 ~ 450 ℃ | - |
3.3.12 Tabbatar cewa kayan jikin bawul ɗin ya dace don amfani a cikin juriya na lalata da kuma rigakafin tsatsawar ruwa.
3.3.13 Yayin lokacin sabis, bincika aikin hatimi kamar yadda yake a teburin da ke ƙasa:
Wurin dubawa | Leka |
Haɗin kai tsakanin jikin bawul da bonnet | Sifili |
Hatimin shiryawa | Sifili |
Wurin zama na Valve | Kamar yadda ƙayyadaddun fasaha |
3.3.14 A kai a kai bincika sawar fuskar rufewa. Shirya tsufa da lalacewa. Yi gyara ko sauyawa cikin lokaci idan an sami shaida.
3.3.15 Bayan gyare-gyare, sake haɗawa da daidaita bawul, aikin gwajin gwaji da yin rikodin.
3.3.16 Jarabawa da gyaran ciki shine shekaru biyu.
4. Matsaloli masu yiwuwa, haddasawa da matakan gyara
Bayanin matsala | Dalili mai yiwuwa | Matakan gyara |
Leak a shiryawa | Rashin isasshe marufi | Sake matse goro |
Rashin isassun kayan tattarawa | Ƙara ƙarin shiryawa | |
Lalacewar tattarawa saboda dogon sabis ko kariya mara kyau | Sauya tattara kaya | |
Zubo a fuskar wurin zama | Fuskar zama datti | Cire datti |
Fuskar wurin zama | Gyara shi ko maye gurbin zoben wurin zama ko ƙofar bawul | |
Fuskar wurin zama ta lalace saboda daskararru | Cire daskararru a cikin ruwan, gyara ko maye gurbin zoben wurin zama ko ƙofar bawul, ko maye gurbin da wani nau'in bawul | |
Leak a haɗi tsakanin bawul jiki da bawul bonnet | Ba a ɗaure su da kyau ba | Daidaita ɗaure kusoshi |
Lalacewar wurin zama na jikin bawul da bawul bonnet flange | Gyara shi | |
Gaskset ya lalace ko karye | Sauya gasket | |
Ba za a iya buɗewa ko rufe waƙar juyawa ta abin hannu ko ƙofar bawul ba | An ɗaure dauri sosai | Daidai kwance marufi na goro |
Nakasawa ko lankwasa gland | Daidaita sealing gland | |
Lalacewar kwaya mai tushe bawul | Daidaitaccen zaren kuma cire datti | |
Sawa ko karya bawul mai tushe na goro | Sauya bawul mai tushe na goro | |
Lankwasa bawul mai tushe | Sauya tushen bawul | |
Datti jagora saman ƙofar bawul ko jikin bawul | Cire datti a saman jagora |
Lura: Dole ne ma'aikacin sabis ya sami ilimin da ya dace da gogewa tare da bawuloli.
5. Garanti
Bayan an yi amfani da bawul ɗin, lokacin garanti na bawul ɗin shine watanni 12, amma baya wuce watanni 24 bayan ranar bayarwa. A lokacin garanti, masana'anta za su ba da sabis na gyara ko kayan gyara kyauta don lalacewa saboda kayan aiki, aiki ko lalacewa muddin aikin ya yi daidai.
Lokacin aikawa: Nov-10-2020