1. Janar
Ana amfani da bawul ɗin wannan jerin don rufewa ko buɗe bututun mai a cikin tsarin bututun don kiyaye ayyukan yau da kullun na tsarin.
2. Bayanin Samfura
2.1Kwarewar fasaha
2.1.1 Zane da ƙera: API600 、 API603 、 ASME B16.34 、 BS1414
2.1.2 Haɗin ƙarshen haɗi : ASME B16.5 、 ASME B16.47 、 ASME B16.25
2.1.3 Fuskantar fuska ko ƙarshe zuwa ƙarshe end ASME B16.10
2.1.4 Dubawa da gwaji : API 598 、 API600
2.1.5 Girma mara girma : MPS2 ″ ~ 48 ″ ra ƙimatattun azuzuwan mara suna : Class150 ~ 2500
2.2 Bawuloli na wannan jerin sune na hannu (wanda aka kunna ta hanyar ɗamara ko akwatin gear) ƙofar bawul tare da ƙyallen ƙyallen fuska da ƙarshen waldi mai ƙwanƙwasa .Baron fure yana motsawa tsaye. Lokacin kunna jujjuyawar hannu a agogo, ƙofar zata faɗi don rufe bututun; lokacin da aka juya takun hannu a gaban agogo, sai kofar ta tashi ta bude bututun mai.
2.3 Tsarin gani Hoto 1, 2da3.
2.4 Sunaye da kayan manyan sassa an jera su a cikin Table 1.
(Tebur 1)
Sunan Kashi |
Kayan aiki |
Jiki da kari |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
kofa |
ASTM A216 WCB 、 ASTM A352 LCB 、 ASTM A217 WC6 ASTM A217 WC9 、 ASTM A351 CF3 、 ASTM A351 CF3M ASTM A351 CF8 、 ASTM A351 CF8M 、 ASTM A351 CN7M ASTM A494 CW-2M 、 Monel |
wurin zama |
ASTM A105 、 ASTM A350 LF2 、 F11 、 F22 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L 、 TM ASTM A182 F316 (316L) ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel |
kara |
ASTM A182 F6a 、 ASTM A182 F304 (304L) ASTM A182 F316 (316L 、 TM ASTM B462 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel |
Shiryawa |
Idedaƙƙarfan hoto mai zane da sassauƙa hoto 、 PTFE |
Ingar / goro |
ASTM A193 B7 / A194 2H 、 ASTM L320 L7 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B16 / A194 4 、 ASTM A193 B8 / A194 8 、 ASTM A193 B8M / A194 8M |
Gasket |
304 (316) + Zane 、 304 (316 、 、 Has.C-4 、 Monel 、 B462 |
Wurin zama zobe / Disc / saman |
13Cr 、 18Cr-8Ni 、 18Cr-8Ni-Mo 、 NiCu gami 、 25Cr-20Ni 、 STL |
3. Adanawa, kulawa, Shigarwa da aiki
3.1 Adanawa da kiyayewa
3.1.1 Yakamata a adana bawul din a cikin busasshiyar daki mai iska mai kyau. Ya kamata ƙarshen hanyar wucewa ya kasance tare da murfi.
3.1.2 Bawul ɗin da ke ƙarƙashin ajiyar lokaci mai tsawo ya kamata a bincika su kuma tsabtace su a kai a kai, musamman tsabtace fuskar wurin zama don hana ɓarna, kuma yakamata a rufe wuraren da aka gama da mai da ke hana tsatsa.
3.1.3 Idan lokacin ajiya ya wuce watanni 18, yakamata a gwada bawul kuma ayi rekodi.
3.1.4 Bawul ɗin da aka girka ya kamata a duba su kuma gyara su akai-akai. Babban wuraren kulawa sun haɗa da masu zuwa:
1) Sealing fuska
2) Bawul kara da bawul kara kwaya.
3) shiryawa.
4) Yin lalata a saman ciki na jikin bawul da bawul din kwalliya
3.2 Girkawa
Kafin shigarwa, tabbatar da gano bawul (kamar su samfuri, DN, 3.2.1PN da kayan abu) bisa alama ce ta tsarin bututun mai.
3.2.2 Kafin shigarwa, bincika a hankali hanyar wucewar bawul da fuskar ɗaukar hoto. Idan akwai datti, sai a tsaftace shi sosai.
3.2.3 Kafin kafuwa, ka tabbata an kulle kusoshi sosai.
3.2.4 Kafin kafuwa, ka tabbata an matse kayan sosai. Koyaya, motsi na bawul ba zai dame shi ba.
3.2.5 Wurin shigarwa na bawul din ya kamata ya sauƙaƙe dubawa da aiki. Matsayin da aka fi so ya zama cewa bututun yana a kwance, ƙafafun hannu yana sama, kuma bawul din yana tsaye.
3.2.6 Don bawul ɗin da aka rufe koyaushe, bai dace a girka shi a wurin da matsin lamba yake da girma sosai don kauce wa lalacewar bawul ɗin ba.
3.2.7 Bawul ɗin walda na walda aƙalla zasu cika waɗannan buƙatun yayin da ake walda su don shigarwa cikin tsarin bututun mai a shafin:
1) Walda wanda ya mallaki takardar shedar cancantar walda wanda ya samu karbuwa daga Hukumomin Jirgin Ruwa da Matsi na Jiha; ko walda wanda ya sami takardar shedar cancantar welda a cikin ASME Vol.Ⅸ.
2) Welding processing sigogi dole ne a zabi kamar yadda kayyade a cikin ingancin tabbacin littafin na waldi abu.
3) Haɗin sunadarai, aikin injiniya da juriya ta lalata filler ƙarfe na walda kabu ya zama ya dace da tushe ƙarfe.
3.2.8 Ana shigar da bawul a al'ada, babban damuwa saboda goyan baya, kayan haɗi da bututu ya kamata a kauce masa.
3.2.9 Bayan shigarwa, yayin gwajin matsa lamba na tsarin bututun mai, dole ne a buɗe bawul ɗin sosai.
3.2.10 Matsayi mai ɗaukar hoto: idan bututun yana da ƙarfin ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin bawul da ƙarfin aiki, to babu buƙatar maɓallin ɗaukar hoto, in ba haka ba bawul ya kamata ya sami ma'ana.
3.2.11 Dagawa: kar ayi amfani da takalmin hannu don hawa da daga bawul.
3.3 Yin aiki da amfani
3.3.1 Yayin lokacin sabis, dole ne a buɗe kofofin bawul sosai ko kuma a rufe don kauce wa lalacewar zoben wurin zama da ƙofar bawul saboda matsakaiciyar matsakaici. Ba za a iya amfani da shi don daidaita ƙarfin kwarara ba.
3.3.2 Lokacin buɗewa ko rufe bawul din, yi amfani da ƙafafun hannu maimakon maɓallin tallafi ko amfani da wasu kayan aikin.
3.3.3 A zafin jiki na aiki, ka tabbata matsin gaggawa zai zama ƙasa da sau 1.1 cewa matsa lamba na aiki na ƙimar zafin-zafin cikin ASME B16.34.
3.3.4 Ya kamata a shigar da kayan agaji na tsaro akan bututun don hana matsin aiki na bawul din a yanayin zafi daga wuce matsakaicin izinin da aka yarda dashi.
3.3.5 Bugawa da girgiza bawul an hana shi yayin safara, shigarwa da lokacin aiki.
3.3.6 Bazuwar ruwa mara ƙarfi, alal misali, bazuwar wasu ruwaye na iya haifar da faɗaɗa girma da haifar da hauhawar aiki, don haka lalata bawul din da haifar da rashi, sabili da haka, yi amfani da kayan awo masu dacewa don kawarwa ko iyakance abubuwan da zasu iya haifar da bazuwar na ruwa.
3.3.7 Idan ruwan ya kasance mai hadewa ne, wannan zai shafi aikin bawul, yi amfani da kayan aunawa masu dacewa don rage zafin jiki na ruwan (misali, don tabbatar da yanayin zafin da ya dace na ruwan) ko sauya shi da wani nau'in bawul.
3.3.8 Don ruwa mai saurin kumburin kansa, yi amfani da kayan aune-aune masu dacewa don tabbatar da yanayin yanayi da matsin aiki bai wuce inda yake kunna wuta ba (musamman sanarwa rana ko wutar waje).
3.3.9 Game da ruwa mai haɗari, kamar fashewa, mai kumburi. Mai guba, samfuran samfuran, an hana shi maye gurbin shiryawa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba (kodayake bawul ɗin yana da irin wannan aikin).
3.3.10 Tabbatar cewa ruwan ba datti bane, wanda yake shafar aikin bawul, baya dauke da kayoyi masu kauri, in ba haka ba yakamata ayi amfani da kayan awo masu dacewa don cire datti da daskararru, ko maye gurbinsu da wani nau'in bawul.
3.3.11 Canjin yanayin aiki:
Kayan aiki |
zafin jiki |
Kayan aiki |
zafin jiki |
ASTM A216 WCB |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC6 |
-29 ~ 538 ℃ |
ASTM A352 LCB |
-46 ~ 343 ℃ |
ASTM A217 WC9 |
–29 ~ 570 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF3 (CF3M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
ASTM A494 CW-2M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CF8 (CF8M) |
-196 ~ 454 ℃ |
Monel |
-29 ~ 425 ℃ |
ASTM A351 CN7M |
-29 ~ 450 ℃ |
- |
3.3.12 Tabbatar cewa kayan jikin bawul sun dace dasu don amfani da yanayin lalata ruwa da rigakafin tsattsauran yanayi.
3.3.13 Yayin lokacin sabis, bincika aikin bugawa kamar yadda teburin da ke ƙasa yake:
Binciken dubawa |
Zuba |
Haɗi tsakanin jikin bawul da ƙoshin wuta |
Sifili |
Rufe hatimi |
Sifili |
Kujerun bawul |
Kamar yadda ta fasaha takamaiman |
3.3.14 A kai a kai ka binciko suturar fuskar hatimi. Kashe tsufa da lalacewa. Yi gyara ko sauyawa cikin lokaci idan aka sami shaida.
3.3.15 Bayan gyara, sake haɗuwa da daidaita bawul, aikin matse gwajin da yin rikodin.
3.3.16 Jarabawa da gyara na ciki shekaru biyu ne.
4. Matsaloli da ka iya faruwa, sanadinsu da matakan gyara su
Bayanin matsala |
Dalili mai yiwuwa |
Matakan gyara |
Leak a shiryawa |
Rashin isasshen kayan shiryawa |
Sake matse kayan goro |
Rashin isasshen yawa na shiryawa |
Moreara ƙarin shiryawa |
|
Lalacewa ta lalace saboda sabis na dogon lokaci ko kariya mara kyau |
Sauya shiryawa |
|
Zuba akan fuskar zama na bawul |
Fuskar zama datti |
Cire datti |
Saka fuskar zama |
Gyara shi ko maye gurbin zoben wurin zama ko ƙofar bawul |
|
Fuskokin wurin zama lalacewa saboda daskararrun abubuwa |
Cire daskararru masu ƙarfi a cikin ruwa, gyara ko maye gurbin zoben wurin zama ko ƙofar bawul, ko sauya tare da wani nau'in bawul |
|
Leak a haɗi tsakanin jikin bawul da ƙwarjin bawul |
Ba a sa belto yadda ya kamata ba |
Uniformly ƙulla kusoshi |
Wurin zama mara lahani na jikin bawul da ƙwanƙollen faranti |
Gyara shi |
|
Lalacewa ko fashewar gasket |
Sauya gasket |
|
Ba za a iya buɗewa ko rufe kofa mai wuya ta keken hannu ko ƙofar bawul ba |
Ya cika tam cushe shiryawa |
Daidai ya sassauta kayan goro |
Lalacewa ko lankwasawar gland |
Daidaita glandon like |
|
Lalacewar bawul din kwaya |
Gyara zaren kuma cire datti |
|
Saka ko fashe bawul kara goro zaren |
Sauya bawul |
|
Bent bawul kara |
Sauya bawul |
|
Yanayin jagorar datti na ƙofar bawul ko jikin bawul |
Cire datti akan saman jagorar |
Lura: Mai hidimtawa ya kamata ya sami ilimin da ya dace da bawul.
5. Garanti
Bayan an yi amfani da bawul din, lokacin garanti na bawul watanni 12 ne, amma bai wuce watanni 24 ba bayan ranar isarwa. A lokacin lokacin garanti, masana'anta za su ba da sabis na gyara ko kayan gyara kyauta don lalacewar saboda kayan aiki, aikin aiki ko lalacewar da aka bayar idan aikin ya yi daidai.
Post lokaci: Nuwamba-10-2020